Bones are bad for dogs

Wrong! Cooked bones are bad for dogs. They can splinter and damage the gut. However, managed sensibly, raw bones are beneficial to teeth and gums and provide a relaxing treat. If you are worried about feeding raw bones, use mutton flap or brisket, which contain quite soft bones.

1-Provide exercise

have your dog examined by your veterinarian to be sure there is not a disease process causing the problem. 

  Treatment Dog  Overweight

* Lower your dog's daily caloric intake by changing the dog

* Increasing fiber or water intake may sometimes be necessary

* Increase exercise activity. To enhance exercise, a variety of 

Characteristics of a Good Weight Loss Diet

Essential to a good weight reduction program is reducing the calories fed, but how much? Most weight loss protocols for dogs recommend feeding 75% of the energy needs your pet would need when he is at his ideal weight. There is extreme variability (up to 20%) in the actual energy animals of the same weight may need since their activity level can vary greatly. For this reason, the dog's response to the 

Regular food or diet food?

There are two basic ways to cut down on calories. One is to feed less of the food the dog is currently eating. The second is to switch to special weight reduction diets. And of course, with either way, table scraps are a no-no and treats need to be minimized.

There are several advantages to feeding a balanced commercial weight reduction diet. First, weight reduction diets are generally high-fiber, low-fat diets which have a low energy density and allow a greater loss of body fat than simply feeding smaller amounts of a high-fat diet. This is because fat contains over twice as many calories as protein and carbohydrates and low-calorie dense foods tend to produce satiety (a feeling of being full) at a lower level of calorie intake. In addition, more energy is used in digesting and absorbing low-fat, high-fiber diets. Finally, by reducing the amount of the food currently being fed, you are also decreasing the level of protein, vitamins, minerals, etc., not just the fat. These reductions could be eliminated by using supplements, but it is much more difficult to achieve the right balance.

There are some instances in which feeding less of the current diet is preferred. If a dog is already on a special diet because of another medical condition (e.g.; bladder stones), it would be beneficial to maintain the pet on that diet. In some instances, the restricted availability of special weight reduction foods or their increased cost may make feeding less of the normal diet more appealing to the owner.

There are many weight reduction and "lite"diets available and include Drs. Foster and Smith Adult Lite Dog Food, Hill's Prescription Diet r/d and w/d, Royal Canin Calorie Control CC Diet, Purina's OM-Formula, and Eukanuba's Reduced Fat Formula. In addition, there are 'grocery store' brands which market themselves as weight reduction or weight control diets. Many pet foods claim to be diet foods and nutritionally balanced. To be sure your dog is receiving adequate nutrition while on a weight reduction diet; consider some of the guidelines below.

Summary

Weight reduction diets can be helpful tools in producing weight loss in overweight animals. In selecting a weight reduction diet, a nutrient analysis should be performed to ensure the animal will maintain adequate nutrition during the weight reduction process. Increasing exercise and eliminating treats need to go hand in hand with the reducing diet, if we are to achieve optimal results.

How Do I Determine if My Dog is Overweight?

Q. When is a dog considered to be fat?

A. Veterinarians often use a 9 point scoring system to evaluate the body condition of pets. A point value of 1 means the dog or cat is extremely thin to the point of emaciation. A score of 9 means the pet is grossly overweight. And like Goldilocks and the three bears, a score of 5 is 'just right.' To determine body score, there are several specific areas of the dog or cat we look at. Remember, these are guidelines. A Greyhound with a score of 5 is still going to be thinner than a Bulldog with the same score.

NOTE: We have included some illustrations at the end of this article which depict the contours of various body scores.

To perform the rating, we first feel the pet's ribs. We should be able to quite easily feel the ribs. There should be a slight amount of fat over them, but each rib should be distinct. If you can see the ribs, the pet is too thin. If you can not feel them at all, the pet is very overweight.

Second, check the area near the base of the tail. There should be a slight fat covering over this area and it should feel smooth. If the bones protrude, the pet is too thin; if you can not feel any bones at all, the pet is very overweight.

Third, feel other bony prominences on the pet's body such as the spine, shoulders, and hips. Again, you should be able to feel a small amount of fat over these areas. If these bones are easily felt or visible, the dog or cat is too thin. If you can not feel the bones beneath the layer of fat, the animal is obviously overweight.

Fourth, look at your pet from above. The animal should have a definite waist behind the ribs. If the waist is extreme, or again, bony prominences are visible, the animal is too thin. If there is no waist, or worse yet, the area between the ribs and hips is wider than the hips or ribs, the dog or cat is grossly overweight.

Fifth, look at the pet from the side. Dogs and cats should have an abdominal tuck, i.e., the area behind the ribs should be smaller in diameter than the chest. This can vary a lot between breeds. Irish Setters and Greyhounds, for instance, appear to have a much more distinct abdominal tuck, since they are so deep-chested. An animal who is too thin will have a very severe abdominal tuck. Overweight animals will have no abdominal tuck.

If you feel your dog is overweight, consult your veterinarian to determine if there are any other medical problems before starting the animal on a weight reduction program. Your veterinarian can also suggest various diets, how fast your pet should lose weight, etc .

-      Diabetes mellitus (sugar diabetes)

-      Damage to joints, bones, and ligaments

-      Heart disease and increased blood pressure

-      Difficulty breathing

-      Decreased stamina

-      Heat intolerance

-      Decreased liver function

-      Increased surgical and anesthetic risk

-      Reproductive problems

-      Digestive disorders

-      Decreased immune function

-      Skin and hair coat problems

-      Increased risk of cancer

-      Decreased quality and length of life

dog breed


Dog breeds

A dog breed is defined by a breed standard which describes the dog's physical characteristics in detail. However, there are more characteristics than color, pattern, or hair length to define a dog breed.

Many breeds can be seen as real pet dogs while others fulfill important tasks in supporting and facilitating human life, such as

guide dogs,
guard dogs,
hunting dogs,
herding dogs,
sled dogs,
racing dogs.

In a sense, these dog breeds are real partners for their owners. But all – pets and partners – have one thing in common: they are companions for humans.

Dog Breeds - examples

Afghan hound


Fox terrier

Basset hound


German shepherd

Beagle


Greyhound

Bobtail


Griffon terrier

Boxer


Husky

Bull terrier


Irish setter

Bulldog


Labrador retriever

Chihuahua


Münsterländer

Chow chow


Newfoundland

Cocker spaniel


Pekingese

Collie


Pit bull terrier

Dalmatian


Poodle

Dingo


Rottweiler

Doberman


Tyroler Bracke

Foxhound


Yorkshire terrier
You'd like to aquire a dog?

All dogs can make good companions, but sometimes their needs, yours, and your family's needs come into conflict. Consider your lifestyle when making your decision. If you have no family, travel a lot and work long hours, you should reconsider getting a dog. Dogs are very social animals and need lots of interaction. They need you as a companion too.

And never forget: cute and helpless looking puppies grow up. They are still cute then, but in a very different way! And grown-up dogs are able to make their way, but they do not want to make it without your help!
الموضوع الأصلى من هنا: ايجى فيت http://www.egyvet.com/forums/showthread.php?t=333
House-Training

There are two things you should always keep in mind when you start house-training your dog:
your canine companion is a born pleaser and you should always keep a regular schedule.
For house-training a puppy the best method is the so-called crate training.
When home for the first time, place your puppy in its own crate.
Take her out frequently so she never has to soil her crate.
This method really works since most animals try to keep the area where they sleep clean. After a few months most dogs will be able to go all night without accidents. When you've taken your puppy outside have a word with her. Say key words, such as "business," "hurry up" or "go pee," Once it clicks that you want them to go outside to do their "business", they'll do their best.


In general, housing cats and dogs together is not a problem provided that they get to know their different languages. For example, wagging the tail is a sign of cheerfulness for a dog, but it means anger or fury for a cat. To conclude from this that they are natural enemies is wrong.

If they come into the household as very young animals and grow up together, cats and dogs usually become good friends. A grown-up dog tends to accept a very young cat as a member of his pack. On the other hand you should be careful bringing together an adult, self-confident cat and a young dog.

When another animal is introduced to your companion's territory, the animals need time to accept and get used to each other. Do not force them together in the same room or area in the first few days. Give them time to scent the presence of the other animal before their first meeting. And always leave an opportunity for escape, especially for younger cats

Dog Care

Depending on the species and way of life, dogs require differing amounts of care.



Skin and fur





Long coats must be brushed regularly to prevent matting. Brush from head to tail, not the other way around. If you are not sure how to care for your animal's coat, ask an experienced dog groomer. Thick or matted hair often leads to skin disease (flea allergy dermatitis; FAD), especially in combination with dampness or dirt.
 

 

الموضوع الأصلى من هنا: ايجى فيت http://www.egyvet.com/forums/showthread.php?t=332
 

 

While some dogs just naturally smell a little ripe, bad odors often are a sign that they've been rolling in something they shouldn't. If the animal must be bathed, use lukewarm water and if necessary, a small amount of dog shampoo (rinse well!). Do not use shampoo intended for people - it is not suitable for use on animals. If you think your animal may have a skin problem, it is imperative that you visit a veterinarian!

Regular eye inspections

Eyes should be inspected regularly, at the very least once a year when the animal receives its annual vaccinations by a veterinarian. Many dog breeds eyes are susceptible to enhanced lacrimation. To prevent the secretion from becoming encrusted it should be removed soon using a clean damp cloth.


Teeth and periodontal disease


Teeth should also be inspected regularly. Although dogs rarely get cavities, many dogs have some degree of periodontal disease caused by plaque bacteria. Over time, periodontal disease can lead to erosion of gum tissue and the bones supporting the teeth, causing teeth to loosen and fall out. This can be prevented through correct nutrition.


Check the ears


Also pay attention to the health of the ears: droopy ears and long hair often lead to poor ventilation and make self-cleaning difficult; painful ear infections may result. Plucking, regular inspection and the use of special ear cleansers are necessary in these cases.

Your companion's vitality

One major reason for people to have a dog is their vitality. The companionship of such an animal can make life easier and happier and help compensate for many other shortcomings. Maintaining your dog's vitality and happiness, requires that you provide a balanced diet (nutrition) and give your dog sufficient exercise and animation

الالتهاب الرئوى - Pneumonia

العلاج - Treatment :

Line of treatment:

1- Antibiotic
2-EXpetorant
3-Mucolytic
4- Anti - inflammatory
5- Heart tonic
6- Vitamine C

CAMEL DISEASES

The camel remains an integral parts of the culture and agriculture of many countries specially inAfricaand Arab world. Beside it considered as a source of meat and wool production, it is also a hardly animal well adapted to living in a desert environment, so it still used in military services.

The world population of camel is around 15 million, about 85000 of them were found inEgypt.

Camel diseases:

(A) Bacterial diseases:

(1) Anthrax.
(2) Brucellosis.
(3) Tubercullosis (T. B.).
(4) Salmonellosis.
(5) Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (H. S.).
(6) Camel Plague.
(7) Contagious skin necrosis.
(8) Paratuberculosis (Jhone's disease).
(9) Leptospirosis.
(10) Listeriosis.
(11) Caseous lymphadenitis.
(12) Clostridial diseases.
(a) Tetanus.
(b) Black quarter.
(c) Infectious enterotoxaemia .
(13) Actinomycosis.
(14) Streptococcal abortion.
(15) Contagious pleuropneumonia.

(B) Fungal disease:

*Ringworm.

(C) Viral diseases:

(1) Camel pox.
(2) Rabies.
(3) Rinderpest.
(4) Foot and mouth disease (F.M.D.).
(5) African horse sickness (A.H.S.).
(6) Rift valley fever.
(7) Parainfluenza-3.
(8) Infection bovine Rhinotracheitis.
(9) Bovine virus diarrhea.
10) Blue tongue.
(11) Mucosal Disease.

Other viruses isolated from tick attached other viruses isolated from tick attached to camel skin:

(a) Wanorui virus. (b) Thogata virus.
(c) Dhori virus. (d) Quarnfie virus.
(e) Kadam virus.

(D) Protozoal Diseases:

(1) Trypanosomiasis.
(2) Leishmaniasis.
(3) Theileria Camelensis.
(4) Anaplasmosis.
(5) Blantiduim.
(6) Coccidiosis:
(a) Gut dowelling coccidia:

* Isospora species. * Eimeria species.

(b) Tissue cyst forming coccidiosis:

*Sarcocystosis * Toxoplasmosis

(E) Helminthes Parasites:

(1) Gastrointestinal nematodes.
(2) Extra intestinal nematodes.

*Onchocerciasis.
*Dipetalonema evansi.
*Thelaziasis.
*Hydatidiosis.

(3) Extra intestinal cestodes.

*Cysticercus ovis.
*Coenurus cerebralis.

(F) Ectoparasites:

(1) Mange (Mites).
(2) Tick:

(a) One host tick (Boophilus spp.)

(b) Two host tick (Hyalomma spp.)

(c) Three host tick (Amblyema spp.)

(3) Myiasis producing flies.

(a) Wohlfahrtia magnifica.
(b) Wohlfahrtia nuba.

(4) Biting flies:

(a) House flies (Tabanus) .
(b) Stable flies (Stomoxys).
(c) Lyperosia (horn fly).
 

الموضوع الأصلى من هنا: ايجى فيت http://www.egyvet.com/forums/showthread.php?t=23
 

(d) House flies. (Musca domestica).
(e) Camel flies (Hippobosca camelina).
(f) Mosquitoes & Culicoides.
(g) Fleas.
(h) Lices

Health Managment - Vaccination

Health Managment

(Urinary Tract Infection (UTI









Overview

Canine Cough





Overview

Canine Cough is a common, contagious, infectious, upper respiratory disease syndrome of dogs, characterized by a harsh, hacking cough. Canine Cough is also commonly referred to as Kennel Cough and Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis (ITB). It is only a serious condition in special circumstances, as in general, it resolves on its own. A dog may generally feel active and maintain a normal appetite despite frequent bouts of coughing.




Causes

Sneezing, coughing, dog-to-dog contact and sharing of water bowls are important means of transmission. Puppies and adult dogs may be exposed to this disease in crowded areas or in any other situation where they have the opportunity for dog-to-dog contact such as:

Visits to dog parks
Dog shows
Boarding kennels
Training classes
Visits to the vet, pet shop or animal shelter

Canine Cough is a multifactorial disease syndrome. A number of viruses and bacteria, as well as environmental factors such as stress, dust and humidity can be involved. The most common infectious agents identified are:

Bordetella bronchiseptica bacteria
Canine parainfluenza virus
Canine adenovirus type 2
Mycoplasma spp.

Bordetella bronchiseptica (bor-de-tell-a bron-ka-septi-ka) is regarded as the principle causative agent. It is closely related to Bordetella pertussis, the cause of whooping cough in people1. The Bordetella bacterium attacks specific tissues in the upper respiratory tract where it releases toxins. These toxins damage respiratory cells covered with hair-like cilia that function to clear infectious agents and debris from the airways.




Clinical Signs and Diagnosis

Clinical signs of Canine Cough include coughing associated with retching and expectoration. Dogs may show varying signs of illness, which could include:

Loss of appetite
Lack of energy
Retching or hacking
Nasal discharge
Loud, high pitched cough, often described as a “goose honk” (bouts of coughing can last for several weeks and may be exacerbated by exercise).

From exposure to onset of clinical signs can take 3-10 days. Infectious agents can be transmitted for extended periods after recovery from infection. Bordetella bronchiseptica bacteria have been isolated from infected dogs for longer than three months, long after all clinical signs have resolved. These dogs may serve as a source of infection for many others2.




Management and Treatment



Although most cases of the disease will recover on their own, Canine Cough may be treated with cough suppressants to provide comfort during natural recovery or combined with antibiotics to directly kill the Bordetella organism.
 

 

الموضوع الأصلى من هنا: ايجى فيت http://www.egyvet.com/forums/showthread.php?t=328

 

The infection should improve partially after one week of treatment. If no improvement has been observed in this time, a re-check exam (possibly including radiographs of the chest) would be a recommended. Failure of Canine Cough to resolve suggests an underlying condition as the disease can activate a previously asymptomatic collapsing trachea or the condition may have progressed to pneumonia.




Prevention

It is important to realize that not all members of the Canine Cough complex can be vaccinated against. Vaccination must be regularly boosted and often vaccination simply reduces the severity of infection rather than completely preventing it.
 

 

الموضوع الأصلى من هنا: ايجى فيت http://www.egyvet.com/forums/showthread.php?t=328

 

Several vaccines are available to help protect your dog from Canine Cough. Canvac® CCi vaccine can help protect your dog from Bordetella bronchiseptica. An initial series of 2 injections, 4 weeks apart, followed by annual revaccination are required. Ideally 7-10 days should be allowed between vaccination and exposure to high-risk situations. This allows the immune system to be best prepared to protect against disease should infection occur. Vanguard® Plus 5 or Vanguard® 5 vaccines, that form part of your dog’s routine vaccinations also help protect against canine parainfluenza virus and canine adenovirus type 2, both of which contribute to the canine cough syndrome.




References:

Ford RB. 2004. Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis (Kennel Cough), North East Veterinary Conference Proceedings.
Dats, C. 1998. Bordetella Infections in Dogs and Cats; Treatment and Prevention. Compendium Vol. 25. No. 12 pp 902-913