vet

dog breed


Dog breeds

A dog breed is defined by a breed standard which describes the dog's physical characteristics in detail. However, there are more characteristics than color, pattern, or hair length to define a dog breed.

Many breeds can be seen as real pet dogs while others fulfill important tasks in supporting and facilitating human life, such as

guide dogs,
guard dogs,
hunting dogs,
herding dogs,
sled dogs,
racing dogs.

In a sense, these dog breeds are real partners for their owners. But all – pets and partners – have one thing in common: they are companions for humans.

Dog Breeds - examples

Afghan hound


Fox terrier

Basset hound


German shepherd

Beagle


Greyhound

Bobtail


Griffon terrier

Boxer


Husky

Bull terrier


Irish setter

Bulldog


Labrador retriever

Chihuahua


Münsterländer

Chow chow


Newfoundland

Cocker spaniel


Pekingese

Collie


Pit bull terrier

Dalmatian


Poodle

Dingo


Rottweiler

Doberman


Tyroler Bracke

Foxhound


Yorkshire terrier
You'd like to aquire a dog?

All dogs can make good companions, but sometimes their needs, yours, and your family's needs come into conflict. Consider your lifestyle when making your decision. If you have no family, travel a lot and work long hours, you should reconsider getting a dog. Dogs are very social animals and need lots of interaction. They need you as a companion too.

And never forget: cute and helpless looking puppies grow up. They are still cute then, but in a very different way! And grown-up dogs are able to make their way, but they do not want to make it without your help!
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House-Training

There are two things you should always keep in mind when you start house-training your dog:
your canine companion is a born pleaser and you should always keep a regular schedule.
For house-training a puppy the best method is the so-called crate training.
When home for the first time, place your puppy in its own crate.
Take her out frequently so she never has to soil her crate.
This method really works since most animals try to keep the area where they sleep clean. After a few months most dogs will be able to go all night without accidents. When you've taken your puppy outside have a word with her. Say key words, such as "business," "hurry up" or "go pee," Once it clicks that you want them to go outside to do their "business", they'll do their best.


In general, housing cats and dogs together is not a problem provided that they get to know their different languages. For example, wagging the tail is a sign of cheerfulness for a dog, but it means anger or fury for a cat. To conclude from this that they are natural enemies is wrong.

If they come into the household as very young animals and grow up together, cats and dogs usually become good friends. A grown-up dog tends to accept a very young cat as a member of his pack. On the other hand you should be careful bringing together an adult, self-confident cat and a young dog.

When another animal is introduced to your companion's territory, the animals need time to accept and get used to each other. Do not force them together in the same room or area in the first few days. Give them time to scent the presence of the other animal before their first meeting. And always leave an opportunity for escape, especially for younger cats

Dog Care

Depending on the species and way of life, dogs require differing amounts of care.



Skin and fur





Long coats must be brushed regularly to prevent matting. Brush from head to tail, not the other way around. If you are not sure how to care for your animal's coat, ask an experienced dog groomer. Thick or matted hair often leads to skin disease (flea allergy dermatitis; FAD), especially in combination with dampness or dirt.
 

 

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While some dogs just naturally smell a little ripe, bad odors often are a sign that they've been rolling in something they shouldn't. If the animal must be bathed, use lukewarm water and if necessary, a small amount of dog shampoo (rinse well!). Do not use shampoo intended for people - it is not suitable for use on animals. If you think your animal may have a skin problem, it is imperative that you visit a veterinarian!

Regular eye inspections

Eyes should be inspected regularly, at the very least once a year when the animal receives its annual vaccinations by a veterinarian. Many dog breeds eyes are susceptible to enhanced lacrimation. To prevent the secretion from becoming encrusted it should be removed soon using a clean damp cloth.


Teeth and periodontal disease


Teeth should also be inspected regularly. Although dogs rarely get cavities, many dogs have some degree of periodontal disease caused by plaque bacteria. Over time, periodontal disease can lead to erosion of gum tissue and the bones supporting the teeth, causing teeth to loosen and fall out. This can be prevented through correct nutrition.


Check the ears


Also pay attention to the health of the ears: droopy ears and long hair often lead to poor ventilation and make self-cleaning difficult; painful ear infections may result. Plucking, regular inspection and the use of special ear cleansers are necessary in these cases.

Your companion's vitality

One major reason for people to have a dog is their vitality. The companionship of such an animal can make life easier and happier and help compensate for many other shortcomings. Maintaining your dog's vitality and happiness, requires that you provide a balanced diet (nutrition) and give your dog sufficient exercise and animation

الالتهاب الرئوى - Pneumonia

العلاج - Treatment :

Line of treatment:

1- Antibiotic
2-EXpetorant
3-Mucolytic
4- Anti - inflammatory
5- Heart tonic
6- Vitamine C

CAMEL DISEASES

The camel remains an integral parts of the culture and agriculture of many countries specially inAfricaand Arab world. Beside it considered as a source of meat and wool production, it is also a hardly animal well adapted to living in a desert environment, so it still used in military services.

The world population of camel is around 15 million, about 85000 of them were found inEgypt.

Camel diseases:

(A) Bacterial diseases:

(1) Anthrax.
(2) Brucellosis.
(3) Tubercullosis (T. B.).
(4) Salmonellosis.
(5) Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (H. S.).
(6) Camel Plague.
(7) Contagious skin necrosis.
(8) Paratuberculosis (Jhone's disease).
(9) Leptospirosis.
(10) Listeriosis.
(11) Caseous lymphadenitis.
(12) Clostridial diseases.
(a) Tetanus.
(b) Black quarter.
(c) Infectious enterotoxaemia .
(13) Actinomycosis.
(14) Streptococcal abortion.
(15) Contagious pleuropneumonia.

(B) Fungal disease:

*Ringworm.

(C) Viral diseases:

(1) Camel pox.
(2) Rabies.
(3) Rinderpest.
(4) Foot and mouth disease (F.M.D.).
(5) African horse sickness (A.H.S.).
(6) Rift valley fever.
(7) Parainfluenza-3.
(8) Infection bovine Rhinotracheitis.
(9) Bovine virus diarrhea.
10) Blue tongue.
(11) Mucosal Disease.

Other viruses isolated from tick attached other viruses isolated from tick attached to camel skin:

(a) Wanorui virus. (b) Thogata virus.
(c) Dhori virus. (d) Quarnfie virus.
(e) Kadam virus.

(D) Protozoal Diseases:

(1) Trypanosomiasis.
(2) Leishmaniasis.
(3) Theileria Camelensis.
(4) Anaplasmosis.
(5) Blantiduim.
(6) Coccidiosis:
(a) Gut dowelling coccidia:

* Isospora species. * Eimeria species.

(b) Tissue cyst forming coccidiosis:

*Sarcocystosis * Toxoplasmosis

(E) Helminthes Parasites:

(1) Gastrointestinal nematodes.
(2) Extra intestinal nematodes.

*Onchocerciasis.
*Dipetalonema evansi.
*Thelaziasis.
*Hydatidiosis.

(3) Extra intestinal cestodes.

*Cysticercus ovis.
*Coenurus cerebralis.

(F) Ectoparasites:

(1) Mange (Mites).
(2) Tick:

(a) One host tick (Boophilus spp.)

(b) Two host tick (Hyalomma spp.)

(c) Three host tick (Amblyema spp.)

(3) Myiasis producing flies.

(a) Wohlfahrtia magnifica.
(b) Wohlfahrtia nuba.

(4) Biting flies:

(a) House flies (Tabanus) .
(b) Stable flies (Stomoxys).
(c) Lyperosia (horn fly).
 

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(d) House flies. (Musca domestica).
(e) Camel flies (Hippobosca camelina).
(f) Mosquitoes & Culicoides.
(g) Fleas.
(h) Lices

Health Managment - Vaccination

Health Managment

(Urinary Tract Infection (UTI









Overview

Canine Cough





Overview

Canine Cough is a common, contagious, infectious, upper respiratory disease syndrome of dogs, characterized by a harsh, hacking cough. Canine Cough is also commonly referred to as Kennel Cough and Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis (ITB). It is only a serious condition in special circumstances, as in general, it resolves on its own. A dog may generally feel active and maintain a normal appetite despite frequent bouts of coughing.




Causes

Sneezing, coughing, dog-to-dog contact and sharing of water bowls are important means of transmission. Puppies and adult dogs may be exposed to this disease in crowded areas or in any other situation where they have the opportunity for dog-to-dog contact such as:

Visits to dog parks
Dog shows
Boarding kennels
Training classes
Visits to the vet, pet shop or animal shelter

Canine Cough is a multifactorial disease syndrome. A number of viruses and bacteria, as well as environmental factors such as stress, dust and humidity can be involved. The most common infectious agents identified are:

Bordetella bronchiseptica bacteria
Canine parainfluenza virus
Canine adenovirus type 2
Mycoplasma spp.

Bordetella bronchiseptica (bor-de-tell-a bron-ka-septi-ka) is regarded as the principle causative agent. It is closely related to Bordetella pertussis, the cause of whooping cough in people1. The Bordetella bacterium attacks specific tissues in the upper respiratory tract where it releases toxins. These toxins damage respiratory cells covered with hair-like cilia that function to clear infectious agents and debris from the airways.




Clinical Signs and Diagnosis

Clinical signs of Canine Cough include coughing associated with retching and expectoration. Dogs may show varying signs of illness, which could include:

Loss of appetite
Lack of energy
Retching or hacking
Nasal discharge
Loud, high pitched cough, often described as a “goose honk” (bouts of coughing can last for several weeks and may be exacerbated by exercise).

From exposure to onset of clinical signs can take 3-10 days. Infectious agents can be transmitted for extended periods after recovery from infection. Bordetella bronchiseptica bacteria have been isolated from infected dogs for longer than three months, long after all clinical signs have resolved. These dogs may serve as a source of infection for many others2.




Management and Treatment



Although most cases of the disease will recover on their own, Canine Cough may be treated with cough suppressants to provide comfort during natural recovery or combined with antibiotics to directly kill the Bordetella organism.
 

 

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The infection should improve partially after one week of treatment. If no improvement has been observed in this time, a re-check exam (possibly including radiographs of the chest) would be a recommended. Failure of Canine Cough to resolve suggests an underlying condition as the disease can activate a previously asymptomatic collapsing trachea or the condition may have progressed to pneumonia.




Prevention

It is important to realize that not all members of the Canine Cough complex can be vaccinated against. Vaccination must be regularly boosted and often vaccination simply reduces the severity of infection rather than completely preventing it.
 

 

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Several vaccines are available to help protect your dog from Canine Cough. Canvac® CCi vaccine can help protect your dog from Bordetella bronchiseptica. An initial series of 2 injections, 4 weeks apart, followed by annual revaccination are required. Ideally 7-10 days should be allowed between vaccination and exposure to high-risk situations. This allows the immune system to be best prepared to protect against disease should infection occur. Vanguard® Plus 5 or Vanguard® 5 vaccines, that form part of your dog’s routine vaccinations also help protect against canine parainfluenza virus and canine adenovirus type 2, both of which contribute to the canine cough syndrome.




References:

Ford RB. 2004. Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis (Kennel Cough), North East Veterinary Conference Proceedings.
Dats, C. 1998. Bordetella Infections in Dogs and Cats; Treatment and Prevention. Compendium Vol. 25. No. 12 pp 902-913

Ringworm

 

A recognized horse breed is one which has an Association with a Stud Book and Breeding Record. Most Recognized Breeds have certain Foundation Sires, and all foals registered must trace their ancestry back to theses stallions. There are certain breeds known as "color breeds", in which qualification is ****d on a specific color. Appaloosa, Palomino and Spotted Horse Associations are example of these. In addition to the purebred Registrations, certain associations also have "Half-Bred" books. The offspring can be registered if only one parent is purebred.
Akhal-Teke

The Akhal-Teke is one of the most distinctive and unusual horses in the world, and also one of the oldest.

Alter-Real

The Alter-Real is a classical riding horse which is still very popular in Portugal.

American Miniature Horse

A scaled-down version of the standard-size horse, it is a small, sound, well-balanced horse which stands 34 inches at the withers and comes in a wide variety of colors and markings.

American Paint Horse

A horse with patchy markings of white and other equine colors: black, bay, brown, chestnut, dun, grulla, sorrel, palomino, gray and roan.

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American Quarter Horse

American Quarter Horse is a breed of strong saddle horses developed in the Western United States. The most common colors are sorrel (reddish brown), bay, black, brown, buckskin, chestnut, dun, red dun, gray, grullo, palomino, red roan and blue roan.

American Saddlebred

The American Saddlebred is a beautiful five-gaited saddle horse, originally known as the Kentucky Saddler. It was developed as a riding horse in the 19th century.

Andalusian

One of the oldest breeds, the Andalusian is a horse of exceptional beauty and gentle nature.

Appaloosa

A breed of saddle horse developed in North America with a distinctive spotted rump and striped hooves.

Arabian

A swift, intelligent, graceful horse known for its endurance and loyalty. Comes in chestnut, gray, bay, and black colors with white markings.

Ardennais

The modern Ardennais is an energetic, good-looking, chunky little horse - he is often said to be built like an equine tractor.

Auxois

This is a strong and enduring equine which is thought to have existed side by side with Ardennais since the Middle Ages.

Barb

A graceful, athletic, and very energetic horse from North Africa.

Bavarian Warmblood

Originated in the Rott Valley of Bavaria, Germany, a region noted for horse-raising.
Boulonnais

A heavy draft horse originating in France.

Budenny

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One of the most popular horse breeds in Russia.

Breton

Although small, the Breton horse is noted for its soundness and vigor.

Canadian Cutting Horse

The Canadian *****alent of the American Quarter Horse

Cleveland Bay

A carriage horse native to Britain.

Draft Horse

Draft breeds are descendants of the "Great Horse" of the knights of the Middle Ages. These horses have developed into heavy carriage, draft, and farming horses. Many are also ridden in just about every discipline. Draft breeds are often crossed with lighter breeds to produce a large, sturdy, even tempered and well moving individual.

Falabella

The Falabella is a miniature horse and is the smallest horse in the world.

Friesian

A black horse of striking beauty and gentle temperament from the Netherlands.

Gelderland

A brilliant sports performance horse from the Netherlands.

Holsteiner

A large, strong and athletic horse of German origin; a perennial choice for equestrian sports at the highest level.

Morgan Horse

The Morgan is easily recognized by his proud carriage, upright graceful neck, and distinctive head with expressive eyes. Deep bodied and compact, the Morgan has strongly muscled quarters.

Oldenburg

A large, powerfully built horse of German origin.

Poitevin

A heavy draft horse from France.

Rocky Mountain Horse

The Rocky Mountain Horse is a naturally gaited horse known for gentleness and versatility. It is best suited for pleasure riding, trail and endurance riding, showing and ranch work. It is well suited to young riders, children and riders with physical limitations.

Thoroughbred

The Thoroughbred is considered to be the fastest and most valuable horse in the world. It influenced the development of all other major breeds and types.

Wild Horses